1月31日，“助力基层疫情防控万里行”活动在广州启动，中国工程院院士钟南山现场解答了春节期间基层疫情防控的相关问题。


图源：央视网

■ 当前全球疫情形势如何？

钟南山表示，国际疫情形势仍然居高不下，而且冬季在客观上也不利于疫情防控。

现在有更多国家在接种疫苗，随着疫苗接种增多，新冠患病情况将会改善。疫情形势能否好转，要看2月份和3月份。大约到3月份以后，我们将能看到全球疫情的走势。

Global coronavirus infections may start to decrease in March with vaccinations and other active epidemic control measures being carried out, prominent respiratory disease expert Zhong Nanshan said on Sunday. Zhong said that while vaccination has been effective in controlling the epidemic and global infections are estimated to have stabilized, it is hard to predict future developments precisely.


1月27日，一名女士走过法国巴黎埃菲尔铁塔附近的特罗卡德罗广场。法国近三周来陆续出现感染变异新冠病毒病例，一些专家呼吁第三次“封城”。新华社记者 高静 摄 图源：新华网

■ 我国的疫情防控还面临哪些挑战？

钟南山指出，当前我国的疫情防控遇到了一些挑战。从近期国内出现的感染情况看，黑龙江、吉林、河北等地出现的感染案例主要在基层，基层群众和医务人员的疫情知识普及力度相对比较薄弱，检测能力也比较薄弱。“为什么局部出现了集聚性的感染，说明我们在一定程度上放松了警惕，要好好总结。”

Zhong pointed out that the recent cases caused by the new variants in China pose a new challenge in its epidemic prevention and control efforts. As for the cluster outbreaks in North China's Hebei Province and Northeast China's Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, Zhong noted that the local transmission in these regions mainly occurred in rural areas due to the weak testing ability there and insufficient knowledge of epidemic prevention among grassroots-level people and medical workers.  


1月19日，在河北省石家庄市黄庄公寓集中隔离场所工地，工人在整理准备交付房屋的地面（无人机照片）。新华社记者 杨世尧 摄 图源：新华网

■ 如何做好农村地区的疫情防控？

钟南山表示，现在农村是疫情防控的重点。做好防控需聚焦三个关键词：科普、培训、检测。


视频来源：央视网

春节在农村提倡少串门，特别是少聚会。钟南山还建议多采用移动采样车，开到农村居民的家门口进行检测，避免人员大量聚集。此外，农村地区重点需要提高认识，及时检查。

As the Chinese Lunar New Year holidays approach, the senior epidemiologist encouraged people to stay home for the holidays and urged authorities to beef up epidemic control efforts in rural areas. Zhong says technologies such as mobile testing vehicles could play a key role in detecting and controlling the virus. He believes it's important for people from rural areas to keep up their guard against the virus.


1月15日，在黑龙江省绥化市望奎县后三乡厢白七村，志愿者在卡点前值班。新华社发（张涛 摄）图源：新华网

■中国疫苗安全性和有效性如何？

钟南山院士表示，中国疫苗安全性较高，产生抗体至少维持半年以上。疫苗临床试验有效性数据有差别，在于不同的标准。中国疫苗从一开始打到目前7个月，快8个月了，抗体还维持在90%的水平。

钟南山表示，疫苗最重要的还是安全性，全灭活疫苗的安全性可靠性比较高。轻症的一般副反应是十万分之六，就是打完有些发烧，胳膊有些疼，重症的是百万分之一，平常打流感疫苗也有百万分之三。打所有的疫苗都会有不良反应，100%没反应是不可能的。国药和科兴这两款中国疫苗，已经在全国接种了2000多万人次。

Over 20 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been administered in China. The two Chinese vaccines are very safe, with side effects occurring in only six out of 100,000 people vaccinated. One in 1 million people vaccinated developed serious side effects, which was a lower rate than for flu vaccines, he said.


视频来源：央视网

■ 注射了新冠疫苗还用戴口罩吗？

钟南山表示，注射了新冠疫苗后，还要继续佩戴口罩。一般情况下，注射完第一剂后便会出现抗体，保护水平大约为60%至70%；第二剂注射完14天后，保护水平能达到近90%。疫苗打完约两至三周后才有抗体，在注射疫苗和产生抗体的间隙，仍有感染风险，要注意个人防护。

Even after vaccination, people are still advised to wear masks at the moment, he said. People usually gain 60 percent to 70 percent protection after the first shot of the vaccine and about 90 percent after the second shot. It takes at least two to three weeks for the production of antibodies after the first shot and another two weeks to see an obvious protective effect.


1月31日拍摄的北京市海淀区北太平庄街道临时新冠疫苗接种点第二剂新冠疫苗接种现场。新华社记者 任超 摄 图源：新华网

■病毒变异导致传染性变强吗？

钟南山表示，现在病毒最关键的突变，是发生在刺突蛋白的受体结合部位，这容易使得病毒感染人的门打得更开一些，使得病毒容易侵入机体致病，这是新冠病毒传染性变得更强的原因。所以一方面要追踪变异的病毒，另外也要考虑病毒变异后，采用什么样的病毒株来做疫苗。

Now, a most critical mutation of the virus is occurring in the receptor-binding site of the spike protein, which explains why the novel coronavirus has become more infectious, he said, noting that it is also important to consider which strain of the virus to be used as a vaccine if the virus mutates, he said.

综合来源：新华网，中国日报网，环球时报英文版网站，央视新闻