最近一段时间,我国疫情发生频次明显增加,感染人数快速增长,波及范围不断扩大。如何看待当前的疫情形势?精准防控怎么干?为何我国要坚持动态清零?近日,国家卫生健康委新冠肺炎疫情应对处置工作领导小组专家组组长梁万年接受采访,回答了这些问题。
图源:央视新闻
奥密克戎就是“大号流感”?
对于当前奥密克戎毒株导致疫情属于“大号流感”的说法,梁万年表示目前为时过早。虽然个体出现重症的概率可能下降,但是奥密克戎传播速度快,感染人群的绝对数大,作为整体的人群重症和死亡数量就会高,这仍是一个巨大危害。
It is too early to label Omicron variant infections as "big flu". For individuals, the risk of severe symptoms caused by Omicron may decrease, but the virus spreads quickly, said Liang Wannian, head of the COVID-19 response expert panel under China's National Health Commission (NHC). "If there is a large absolute number of people infected, the number of severe cases and deaths in the population as a whole will be high, which can still inflict great harm," he noted.
视频来源:央视网
中国为什么不能像国外一样“躺平”?
梁万年表示,各国所采取的防护策略和具体措施,是基于它的防控理念。中国的防控理念是“人民至上,生命至上”。中国自从疫情出现以来,一直在坚持动态清零,而且在不断优化防控措施,保护了人民免受所谓通过群体免疫、自然免疫这种自然感染的方式来遭受疾病的危害。我们主要是通过主动的疫苗免疫来增强抵抗力,来构建免疫屏障。
视频来源:央视网
但是从国际上来看,一些国家选择“躺平”是两种免疫并存的,一个是通过自然免疫,另一个是通过主动的疫苗免疫。在这种情况下,如果中国也选择“躺平”,不坚持动态清零,尤其是当前疫苗接种率,特别是全程和加强针的接种率还不完全高,不足以构成坚固的免疫屏障,势必就会使群体庞大的老人、弱势和脆弱人群容易造成感染。
在这种情况下,我们就要坚持动态清零方针,这也是一个时间窗口。如果我们加强疫苗接种、加快科技研发,包括药物的研发、疫苗的研发,也有可能有一个时机奥密克戎又变了,变得更加温和,传播率和致病率更加低,那就是我们最好的机会。所以在现阶段我们坚持总策略总方针不变,应该是最佳选择,也符合中国的抗疫实际。
坚持动态清零,如何精准防控?
而坚持动态清零,也是巩固我国来之不易的防控成果。梁万年表示,动态清零的精髓一是快速,二是精准。“只要发现疫情,我们就有一系列办法把疫情遏制在萌芽状态。”梁万年说,关键是怎么做到早发现,以及发现以后确保早处置。“就怕有懈怠、犹豫或侥幸心理。”梁万年说,要打破“不施加干预,病毒传播也会变慢”的幻想。如果发现得晚,或者发现后没有及时采取干预措施,病毒是会发生指数级传播的。
Liang stressed that the essence of China's dynamic zero-COVID approach is a swift response and targeted response measures. "Once an outbreak is detected, we have a range of ways to nip it in the bud," he said. "The key lies in ensuring its early detection and disposal." Liang warned against any slackness, hesitation, or the mentality of taking chances in the anti-COVID fight, saying that the virus can spread exponentially if it had not been detected in a timely manner or intervened immediately.
最小成本取得最大的效益,就是要精准地流调,精准地划分管控的人群,精准地进行救治,精准地进行相关的一些干预措施。它实现两个有效平衡,平衡疫情防控和社会经济发展,平衡疫情防控和正常的生产生活。
The dynamic zero-COVID approach, the Chinese public health policy that has been implemented to fight the coronavirus over the past two years, has proved to be effective in striking a good balance between epidemic prevention and control, economic, and social development, according to Liang. The goal of this approach is to bring the epidemic under control in the shortest possible time with a minimum cost to society.
视频来源:央视新闻
近期疫情频发是防控策略无效?
当前疫情中,奥密克戎变异毒株传播速度更快、隐匿性更强。“目前疫情点多、面广、频发,并不意味着我国防控策略、方针和措施的无效。”梁万年说,奥密克戎变异株流行后,世界多个国家和地区的疫情水平在短时间内都出现指数级上升。“但我国疫情水平上升缓慢,这正是因为我们采取了一系列有效的干预措施,遏制了疫情上升势头。”
"The latest resurgence in China does not mean that the country's COVID-19 response policy and measures are ineffective," Liang said. The infections increased exponentially in many countries and regions in a short period of time since the Omicron variants rage across the world. "However, China has witnessed a slower increase in the number of infections, which is precisely because we have taken a series of effective intervention measures to curb the virus," he added.
3月17日,在上海松江区象屿品城小区,工作人员帮助市民进行登记。新华社记者 刘颖 摄
回归正常需要什么条件?
梁万年表示,每一个人都期盼疫情尽快结束,但病毒和疾病本身是不以我们的意志为转移的。理论上来说,疫情结束有几个方面:希望病毒变异是变得越来越弱、我们的疫苗更加有效、出现了更有效的药物甚至是特效药、国际疫情好转外防输入压力变小。
3月13日,志愿者在深圳罗湖区东门广场核酸检测点引导居民。新华社发(储焱摄)
综合来源:新华网,央视网