当地时间3月10日，美国硅谷银行因资不抵债遭金融监管部门关闭。硅谷银行倒闭两天后，美国又一家银行12日被监管部门关闭。连续“暴雷”，给美国银行业蒙上一层阴影。

面对公众及市场担忧，美国总统拜登于当地时间13日发表讲话，强调美国银行系统仍然“安全”。

U.S President Joe Biden on Monday underscored that the American banking system remains safe.

 

他表示，那些对当前“烂摊子”应该承担责任的人将被追责，政府方面将继续“强化对较大银行的监管，使我们不会再次陷入这种境地”。

"I am firmly committed to holding those responsible for this mess fully accountable and to continuing our efforts to strengthen oversight and regulation of larger banks so that we are not in this position again."

 

48小时发生了什么？

 

美国加利福尼亚州金融保护和创新部10日以“流动性不足和资不抵债”为由，关闭硅谷银行，并指定美国联邦存款保险公司为接管方。硅谷银行成立于1983年，为全美第16大银行，主要为初创企业提供融资。这是自2008年金融危机以来美国破产的最大银行。

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), the 16th largest bank in the United States, was closed on Friday by regulators, according to the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The SVB's failure is the largest bank failure since the collapse of U.S. savings and loan association Washington Mutual in 2008, The Associated Press reported.
 

根据美媒的报道，硅谷银行在短短48小时内“垮掉”，引发“闪崩”的一系列事件尤为引人关注。
 

CNN称这也是多重因素叠加导致。

Several forces collided to take down the banker.
 

前几年，美国初创企业吸引大量风险投资，加上美联储维持超低利率，硅谷银行赚得盆满钵满。然而，为应对高位通货膨胀，美国联邦储备委员会去年以来多次激进加息，硅谷银行遭受重创。与此同时，近期美国技术产业大幅裁员、技术股承受打击、风险投资减少，导致初创企业纷纷取走存款，硅谷银行立马左支右绌。

First, there was the Federal Reserve, which began raising interest rates a year ago to tame inflation. The Fed moved aggressively. At the same time, venture capital began drying up, forcing startups to draw down funds held by SVB.
 

为了迅速筹集资金，本月8日，硅谷银行母公司硅谷银行金融集团出售约210亿美元的证券组合资产，并因此亏损约18亿美元。此后，这家银行尝试出售总额达22.5亿美元股票融资，导致股价9日暴跌超过60%，10日被迫停止交易。同时，这也引发市场上风投公司的恐慌，报道称有建议让这些公司从银行取款。

On Wednesday, SVB announced it had sold a bunch of securities at a loss. That triggered a panic among key venture capital firms, who reportedly advised companies to withdraw their money from the bank. The bank’s stock began plummeting Thursday morning.
 

 

CNN称，简而言之，硅谷银行遭遇了典型的挤兑情况。

In short, SVB encountered a classic run on the bank.
 

*挤兑：bank run。指的是因银行信用度下降、传闻破产等原因，大量储户因恐慌涌向银行提取现金，从而导致银行破产。也可说a run on the bank。

 

硅谷银行金融集团首席执行官格雷格·贝克尔10日在给员工的一段视频留言中承认，“难以置信的艰难48小时”导致硅谷银行倒闭。“我无法想象你们在想些什么，你们的工作，你们的未来。”他说自己发送这段信息时，心情沉重。

Greg Becker, the chief executive of SVB Financial Group (SIVB.O) , sent a video message to employees acknowledging the "incredibly difficult" 48 hours leading up to the collapse of its Silicon Valley Bank on Friday. "It's with an incredibly heavy heart that I'm here to deliver this message," he said in a video seen by Reuters. "I can't imagine what was going through your head and wondering, you know, about your job, your future."
 

CNN援引专家分析称，尽管华尔街有些阵痛，但是硅谷银行的垮掉，似乎不会引发此前金融危机中银行业受到冲击的“多米诺效应”。

Despite initial panic on Wall Street, analysts said SVB’s collapse is unlikely to set off the kind of domino effect that gripped the banking industry during the financial crisis.
 

此外，美国纽约州金融服务局12日宣布，依据州银行法，接管“签名银行”，并指定美国联邦存款保险公司为这家银行的接收方。CNN称，目前另有几家银行也面临相似的命运。

All the while, a second bank was on the brink of failure – Signature Bank would be seized by state regulators on Sunday afternoon – and several others appeared headed for a similar fate.
 

美联社则报道称，美国政府正采取措施，阻止潜在的银行业危机。

美联社报道称，硅谷银行“历史性”的垮掉后，美国政府12日采取“非常措施”，确保该银行的所有储户都能尽快拿回全部财产。

The U.S. government took extraordinary steps Sunday to stop a potential banking crisis after the historic failure of Silicon Valley Bank, assuring all depositors at the failed institution that they could access all their money quickly.
 

美媒报道则显示，当地时间13日，硅谷银行重开，客户在网点门前排队等待取款。

综合来源：新华网，美联社，CNN