近日，“寻找姓鸭的人”“因姓氏太罕见全村集体改姓鸭”登上微博热搜，吸引了不少关注。

 

 

原来，在云南丽江大山深处的村子里有一个罕见的姓氏——“nià”姓，写出来是个上下结构的汉字，上面是飞鸟的“鸟”字去掉一横，下面是甲乙丙丁的“甲”字。由于各种系统都无法输入这个汉字，姓nià的人遭遇了各种不便。很多证件办不了，手机上一些实名制的应用也用不了。甚至连车票也买不了，稍微远点的地方都去不了。当地人说，姓nià太难了！

 

 

一位村民说：“姓nià太难了，所以我让儿子跟我一个姓。”不得已的情况下，这些人只能改姓，把nià改成了鸭，鸭子的鸭。

 

Earlier this month, a village in Yunnan Province soared to prominence as a local surname "Nia," meaning "a flying bird," could not be typed into computers, forcing many villagers with this family name to change into a similar character meaning "duck" when registering for ID cards.

 

汉字是中华文化的重要载体，其中包含人们不常用的、不熟悉的生僻字。据不完全统计，全国有超过6000万人名以及大量地名、古籍、方言中包含生僻字，其中多数因尚未数字化，无法在信息系统中正常使用。这也导致一些人在就医看病、办理金融服务甚至搭乘公共交通工具时，处处遇到麻烦。

 

Roughly 60 million people in China have names that contain rare characters, experts said, and a significant number of place names and ancient texts have difficulties being digitalized due to unrecognized characters contained within.

 

4月23日，腾讯联合工信部电子工业标准化研究院等单位共同宣布“汉字守护计划”公益行动的全新升级。会上宣布，全国首个“生僻字征集”微信小程序近日已上线，直接面向用户征集无法输入的生僻字，解决政务、金融、交通、教育、医疗等公共服务领域遇到生僻字的难题。

 

 

Chinese authorities and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization of rarely-used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country\'s banks, hospitals, and government units move transactions online.

 

The China Electronics Standardization Institute, under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), tech giant Tencent and others on last Sunday announced new initiatives to solicit rare characters from the public and promote cross-industry recognition of such characters.

 

工信部电子工业标准化研究院副院长孙文龙说：“随着互联网大数据等信息技术快速发展，政务服务与公共服务正加速向网络化智能化转型。但由于一些信息系统对于生僻汉字的支持并不充分，致使人名地名中的生僻字难以正常处理。相关群众在办理银行开户，出行购票等需要实名登记的业务时屡屡受阻，对基层服务机构也造成极大的处理负担。”

 

"Government and public services in China are accelerating the digital transformation and moving operations online. However, due to insufficient technical support, many people\'s names and place names can not be input," said Sun Wenlong, deputy head of the China Electronics Standardization Institute.

 

"This has caused troubles in many transactions, such as opening bank accounts and purchasing transportation tickets," Sun added.

 

“生僻字征集”小程序是由工信部电子工业标准化研究院指导和推荐的生僻字提交入口，用户通过拍照上传，即可提交。经专业审核，通过的生僻字将被赋码，并录入国标字库，最终实现在电脑、手机等设备及信息系统中无障碍地输入与显示。    

 

工信部电子工业标准化研究院去年牵头制定强制性国家标准GB18030《信息技术中文编码字符集》(简称“新国标”） 将于今年8月1日施行，旨在有效解决生僻字引发的公共障碍。

 

The institute is inviting members of the public to photograph unusual characters and submit them via a mini program embedded in WeChat, a popular messaging app operated by Tencent. If passing the experts\' assessment, they will be added to GB18030, China\'s official set of coded characters.

 

腾讯公司副总裁曾宇表示，4月20日小程序上线后，首日访问量突破63万，用户提交生僻字1404个。其中提交最多的是陕西小吃biáng biáng 面 的biáng字。

 

 

Since its launch on April 20, the mini program has received more than 1,400 rare characters, said Zeng Yu, vice president of Tencent. The character with the most submissions is "biang," as in "biang biang noodle," a popular snack from the northwestern province of Shaanxi.

 

为什么会出现生僻字这种情况呢？工信部电子标准院主任黄姗姗表示，汉字与英语不同，英语是表音文字，汉字是表意文字。信息系统要认识汉字，需要有字、形和编码三者建立对照表，某个汉字有形无码，或者其编码不被某个系统支持，就是信息时代的生僻字。

 

As an ideographic writing, the Chinese characters are difficult to be digitalized, as each character must be represented by a unique code and a unique font, said Huang Shanshan, director of the Chinese information lab of the China Electronics Standardization Institute.

 

上周日，搜狗输入法也推出一站式行业解决方案。该方案通过拆解字形，提供手写、笔画、拼音及“部首拼音+笔画”等多种方式，解决生僻字难认难写造成的输入难题。目前，该方案支持金融、医疗、交通、公共设施、社会保障、仓储邮政等公共服务和政务服务使用场景。

 

 

Also on last Sunday, Tencent\'s Sogou Keyboard launched an industrial solution to make rare characters more easily accessible in public services such as finance, transportation, education, and healthcare.

 

The latest version of GB18030 has registered more than 80,000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30,000 commonly used characters, according to Sogou Keyboard.

 

中国社会科学院语言研究所研究员、原词典编辑室主任谭景春认为，中华文明是唯一有确切文字可考且没有中断的文明。汉字是中华文明的关键载体，是中国传统文化的根脉。“汉字守护计划”不仅帮助少数群体解决了日常生活中使用生僻字的难题，还将通过推动汉字的全面数字化，助力中华文化在数字时代传承壮大，也希望更多社会力量能加入这项功在当代、利在千秋的事业，共同担起汉字守护的使命。

 

Despite the difficulties involved, the digitalization mission must be pushed on to not only solve practical problems, but also to preserve and pass down the Chinese culture, said Tan Jingchun, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

 

综合来源：北京日报 央广网 中国青年网 TechWeb 新华网