此前一度被大家认为要以“群体免疫”策略应对疫情的英国，再一次加强了抗疫措施！

当地时间23日，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊宣布，为了阻止疫情蔓延将采取更严格的限制行动措施，并敦促人们待在家中。

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has announced stricter new curbs on movement in the United Kingdom to halt the spread of novel coronavirus, urging people to simply stay at home.

当地时间3月23日晚，鲍里斯发表电视讲话，他说道：“从今晚（周一）开始，我必须给英国人民一个最简单的指示——你必须待在家里——因为我们现在必须做的重要事情就是阻止病毒在各家各户之间传播。”

"From this evening I must give the British people a very simple instruction -- you must stay at home," Johnson made the announcement during a TV address to the nation, "Because the critical thing we must do is stop the disease spreading between households."


 
他明确表示，能允许的外出仅限于以下四种情况：购买生活必需品、仅限一种户外锻炼方式、寻求医疗帮助、绝对必要的上下班。

"People will only be allowed to leave their home for the following very limited purposes," he added, listing four reasons for which citizens can go outside; shopping for basic necessities, doing one form of exercise a day, for any medical need, or going to work if it is absolutely vital.

新华社援引英国卫生部23日发布的数据显示，英国新冠肺炎确诊病例数累计达6650例，较前一天增加967例，单日增长超过17%；累计报告死亡病例335例。

英国当天宣布的措施还包括：警察有权驱散聚会和对不守规矩者罚款；出售非生活必需品的商店如服装店、电子用品店等全部停业；关闭图书馆、户外运动场以及健身馆等公共设施；非同一家庭2人以上的聚集将被禁止。

Police have powers to enforce the rules, including fines and dispersing gatherings, according to Johnson. Meanwhile, all shops selling non-essential goods, such as clothing and electronic stores, are ordered to close, and places like libraries, playgrounds, and outdoor gyms will be closed. All social events are banned and even gatherings of more than two people in public, except for people one lives with, are banned as well.



上述措施将至少持续3周时间。

The tougher new measures will be in place for at least three weeks from Monday evening, according to the government.

CNN评价，鲍里斯此举是英国继二战结束以来最严格的限令。

Johnson imposed the most stringent restrictions seen in Britain since the end of World War II.

近来，英国政府改变了此前争议较大的“宽松”应对措施，持续提升抗疫力度。3月20日，英国已宣布关闭酒吧、咖啡厅、餐馆等公共场所。

The government has been stepping up its measures in recent weeks. It was only on March 20 when it announced that cafes, bars, pubs and restaurants, etc. must close.

但是在周末，依然有大批人群出现在公园和旅游景点，对英国政府避免社交接触的建议置之不理，引发担忧。

But during last weekend, large groups of people were seen in some parks and tourist spots, prompting concerns that many people might be ignoring government's advice of avoiding social contact.

其实不只在英国，不少西方民众对于政府的类似建议都没有放在心上，该上街上街，该聚集聚集。这样的情况也使得防疫工作变得困难。

为此，CNN于美国时间3月23日发布了一篇文章，标题言简意赅：为什么西方在对抗新冠病毒上失败。图片下方则写道：人们忽视封闭措施，哪怕病例数和死亡人数激增。行为学专家解读：他们不了解危险。


 
文章中写道：

看看在纽约公园中的骑手和跑步的人，看看在英国逛景点的人，再看看加州海滩上一片热火朝天的景象，你可能一点也感觉不到，我们的世界正面临疫情的考验。

Anyone looking at the cyclists and runners crowding New York's parks, hikers thronging Britain's beauty spots and groups hanging out at California's busy beaches would have no clue that a dangerous pandemic has the world in its grip.

当意大利疫情暴发时，当局封闭了疫情影响的北部“红区”。当病例数上升后，意大利于9日全国封城，违反禁令将面临大约232美元的罚款以及6个月的监禁。

When the outbreak in Italy began, authorities began by locking down affected "red zone" areas in the north. As cases continued to spread, the entire country was put on lockdown on March 9, with those who break the rules threatened with $232 fines and six months' prison time.


图片来源：CNN视频截图，意大利巴里市长劝民众回家

但是自那之后，意大利警方却已传唤了成百上千的意大利人。据CNN文中报道，上周来到意大利支援的中国红十字工作人员曾表示，意大利的相关措施不够严格，哪怕这其实在欧洲已经是最严格的了。

But hundreds of thousands of Italians have since been given police citations for flouting the ban, and a Chinese Red Cross official last week said Italy's measures -- among the strictest in Europe -- weren't strict enough. 

但是意大利的情况依然不容乐观。



到了周末，当局不得以发布了针对民众和商业更严格的措施。

By the weekend, authorities were forced to issue even more stringent restrictions on people and businesses.

当中国情形好转，而欧洲成为疫情暴发中心，很多西方国家看上去还没有从意大利身上总结教训。

While Europe has now taken over from China as the epicenter of the outbreak, many Western countries do not appear to have learned from Italy's example.

包括鲍里斯在内，西方领导人不断加强措施，相关办法也越来越严格。



不过在华威商学院的社会行为学教授Nick Chater看来，这些远远不够。西方领导人释放信息的时候“太混乱”，他们在过去的一周中逐渐关闭了酒吧、餐厅、剧院和学校，督促民众遵从建议抗击疫情。

But Nick Chater, professor of Behavioral Science at Warwick Business School, told CNN that this did not go far enough, saying western leaders had been "very mixed in their messaging" as they gradually closed bars, restaurants, theaters and schools over the past week -- and urged the public to listen to the advice to help prevent the spread of Covid-19.

Chater教授表示，当人们听到温柔建议时，他们不会认为继续做某些事是不合理的。通过这些信息给出的暗示，听上去就不那么重要；因为如果足够重要的话，你会直接告知的。“比如，我们不会说建议你等红灯，建议你在路的某一侧行驶；我们直接说你必须这样做，不然你就违法了！

"When people are being advised quite gently to do something, I don't think one should view them as being necessarily outrageously unreasonable in going ahead and doing it anyway," he said. "Because the message they're implicitly getting is it isn't all that important, because if it was really important, we tell you. So we don't say things like, 'we advise you to stop at red lights, we advise you to drive on this side of the road' ... We just say you just have to. If you don't, you're breaking the law."

中国疫情暴发后，就迅速采取了相关“封城”措施，但是西方政府却一直很不情愿。

Western governments have been reluctant to take the lockdown measures that were quickly enforced in China after the coronavirus outbreak began. 

随后西方国家的疫情形势变糟，有些政府人士才站出来批评不遵守禁令的人。

Chater认为，这样的话也不够。“这是沟通上的巨大失败。看看中国，看看韩国，我们能看到行之有效的抗疫策略，不只是纸上谈兵。”

But Chater says these comments aren't enough. "There's a huge communication failure," he said. "We've been looking at China, we can also look at Korea, we can see that there are strategies that actually do work, so it's not purely theoretical.

“中国采取了严格封城措施，但是我们都知道，这就是管用。”

"In China, the main thing has been just a very heavy lockdown," he said. "But we know that a really severe lockdown will work.

Chater在最后建议，如果西方领导人想让民众做得更多，就需要把抗疫措施变为“法定强制措施”，不然可能就太晚了。

But if western leaders want people to do more, they must make it "mandatory," says Chater -- before it's too late.

综合来源：新华网，中国日报网，央视新闻，观察者网，CNN