弗洛伊德之死引发有关种族歧视的讨论，继续在美国社会发酵，影视行业也涉及其中。

《乱世佳人》暂时下架

据CNN报道，经典影片《乱世佳人》被影视平台HBO Max暂时下架了，直到其反映“历史内容”为止。



CNN报道指出，这部1939年的影片讲述了美国南北战争时期，斯佳丽•奥哈拉与白瑞德的爱情故事。很多人认为《乱世佳人》是经典作品，也是有史以来最受欢迎的电影之一。不过，这部电影也特别有争议。自从影片面世以来的几十年来，其情节中对于奴隶制度、非洲裔美国人以及美国内战中南方情况的刻画，备受批评。

The 1939 film, which tells the love story of Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler during the American Civil War, is considered by many to be a cinematic classic and is one of the most popular films ever made. However, the movie is also incredibly controversial. The film's portrayal of slavery, African Americans and the Civil War South has been received much more critically in the decades since its release.

HBO Max现在属于华纳媒体旗下，一位发言人对CNN商业频道表示，《乱世佳人》是那个时代的产物，反映了当时的某些种族偏见现象，而且很不幸的是，这在美国社会中很常见。

A spokesperson for HBO Max, which is owned by WarnerMedia, told CNN Business that "Gone with the Wind" is "a product of its time and depicts some of the ethnic and racial prejudices that have, unfortunately, been commonplace in American society." 

“这些种族主义的刻画，在当时是错误的，现在也是错误的。我们认为，如果对于这些内容不作出解释，不去抨击这些刻画，那是不负责任的。”

"These racist depictions were wrong then and are wrong today, and we felt that to keep this title up without an explanation and a denouncement of those depictions would be irresponsible," the spokesperson said.


图源：CNN网站

发言人还补充了电影回归HBO Max的时间，电影将在“历史内容经过充分讨论，并且抨击特定刻画”后回归。回归后的电影“保持原味，不然就如同视那些偏见从未发生过一样。”

The spokesperson added that when the film returns to HBO Max, it "will return with a discussion of its historical context and a denouncement of those very depictions," and will be presented "as it was originally created, because to do otherwise would be the same as claiming these prejudices never existed."

“如果我们希望创造一个更公平、平等、包容性的未来，我们就必须要先承认、了解自己的历史。”

"If we are to create a more just, equitable and inclusive future, we must first acknowledge and understand our history," the spokesperson said.

此前，电影《为奴十二年》编剧约翰•莱德利在《洛杉矶时报》网站上发表过一篇专栏，就要求HBO Max下架《乱世佳人》。

The removal also comes after John Ridley, the Academy Award-winning screenwriter of "12 Years a Slave," wrote an op-ed in the Los Angeles Times this week asking HBO Max to take the film out of its rotation.

“嘿，HBO Max，《乱世佳人》将奴隶制的恐怖浪漫化。现在就从平台上撤下吧。”



他在文中写道：“这部影片美化了内战前的美国南方情况，如果不是忽视了奴隶制的恐怖，那就是设定了有色人种最痛苦的刻板印象。”

"It is a film that glorifies the antebellum south. It is a film that, when it is not ignoring the horrors of slavery, pauses only to perpetuate some of the most painful stereotypes of people of color," Ridley wrote. 

不过，莱德利称自己绝非想把《乱世佳人》永远“打入冷宫”，而是希望其暂时下架。

Ridley made it clear that he didn't want "Gone with the Wind" to be "relegated to a vault," but rather be taken down for a "respectful amount of time."

 “我希望，这部电影能刻画一个更全面、更完整的南方联邦真实情况的画卷，之后可以和其他影片一起重回HBO Max平台。或者，电影可以附带旁白叙述……”

“I would just ask…… that the film be re-introduced to the HBO Max platform along with other films that give a more broad-based and complete picture of what slavery and the Confederacy truly were. Or, perhaps it could be paired with conversations about narratives ……”

除了《乱世佳人》，也有其他影视作品受到影响。近日，《老友记》的联合制片人考夫曼，在最近参加一个美国影视圈的活动时表示，自己为这部剧中没有“多元化”后悔。


视频来源：环视频

观点不一，下架引发争议

HBO Max的发言人则没有表明，下架决定是否与莱德利的文章相关。不过这部好莱坞经典的下架，引发不少关注。

同样在《洛杉矶时报》中的另一篇文章则意见相反，文章承认电影有种族歧视内容，但是却应该让大家看到。
 


文章指出：《乱世佳人》面世80多年了，将其打入冷宫，与当今推翻南部联邦人物雕塑丢到河里是不同的。同样，将其下架也不能洗白好莱坞及娱乐行业中的种族歧视与不平等。华纳媒体以及所有好莱坞公司，应当在打造员工多样化方面更加努力，而不是将某一时代的胶片剪掉。

“Gone with the Wind” has been around for eight decades. Relegating it to the cyber void is not like toppling Confederate statues into a river. And in no way does pulling the movie cleanse Hollywood or the entertainment industry of racial bias and inequity. WarnerMedia, which launched HBO Max, and all Hollywood companies would be better off working harder at diversifying their executive ranks than eliminating celluloid relics of another era.

作者还认为，影片已经是好莱坞历史的一部分，聚集了那个时代最棒的演员，如果有人想看，就应该可以看——而且不用注释。

It is a piece of Hollywood history, starring some of the most talented actors of that era, and it should be there — for anyone who does want to see it — without annotation.

作者也理解莱德利及HBO方面希望“结合上下文”重新审视影片的想法，不过其观点则是“不必要（Not necessary）。”“如果你在观看《乱世佳人》的时候，都不懂得‘让过去发生的就留在过去’这样的道理，你的问题恐怕不是‘结合上下文’这一方法能解决的了。”

If you watch “Gone With the Wind” and don’t get that it’s a piece of the past to be left in the past, then you’ve got problems that the contextual analysis won’t solve.

外国网友们对于HBO Max的决定也是争议颇多。

比如，有人指出电影制作要看当时的环境，而且其中女演员哈蒂•麦克丹尼尔成为了第一位获得奥斯卡奖的黑人女性。大家应该有渠道看这个电影。
 


“拿下这些影片，才恰恰抹去了这些事情对美国黑人的意义。这些影片应该被所有人观看。”
“这是电影，不是纪录片。”
 


另有人则表示，做出相关举动无可厚非，并且还反驳道限于美国当时的种族隔离政策，在颁奖礼时哈蒂•麦克丹尼尔甚至不能和电影及其他获提名的白人坐在一起。



还有网友指出，是否可以用现在的标准，衡量过往作品：

“你不能抹除历史，也不能用当今的价值观念衡量历史。这部电影是经典。”



“电影，难道不是当时社会价值观念的缩影吗？用当今的眼光，我们可以学习、挑战、重新衡量，也有可能为某些作品感到难堪。但是，假装没有发生过则是侮辱我们的智商，侮辱历史。”


 
综合来源：CNN，Los Angeles Times，Market Watch，环球时报微信公众号